Since the invention of the computer in the 1930s, we have been able to build economic, social, and technical models for many areas of life.
The binary system is used in these machines. This implies that data is represented as a string of 0s or 1s, with each letter having to be a binary option of 0 or 1 without ambiguity.
Computers need a matching physical mechanism to represent this data. Consider this system as a set of switches, one in each direction indicating a 1 and the other a 0. On today's microprocessors, there are billions of these switches.
Information is stored in the form of strings of 0s and 1s, which are then processed, evaluated, and computed using logic gates.
These are transistors that have been linked together. Logic gates are the basic building blocks for the massive calculations we ask modern computers to do, and they may be linked together hundreds of millions of times to execute sophisticated algorithms.
~ Jai Krishna Ponnappan
You may also want to read more about Quantum Computing here.
