What Is A QPU?

What is a Quantum Processing Unit (QPU)? 

Despite its widespread use, the phrase "quantum computer" may be misleading. 

It conjures up thoughts of a whole new and alien kind of computer, one that replaces all current computing software with a future alternative. 

• This is a widespread, though massive, misunderstanding at the time of writing. 
• The potential of quantum computers comes from its capacity to significantly expand the types of problems that are tractable inside computing, rather than being a traditional computer killer. 
• There are significant computational problems that a quantum computer can readily solve, but that would be impossible to solve on any conventional computing device we could ever hope to construct. 

But, importantly, these sorts of speedups have only been observed for a few issues, and although more are expected to be discovered, it's very doubtful that doing all calculations on a quantum computer would ever make sense. 

For the vast majority of activities that use your laptop's clock cycles, a quantum computer is no better. 

In other words, a quantum computer is actually a co-processor from the standpoint of the programmer. 

• Previously, computers utilized a variety of coprocessors, each with its own set of capabilities, such as floating-point arithmetic, signal processing, and real-time graphics. 

• With this in mind, we'll refer to the device on which our code samples run as a QPU (Quantum Processing Unit). 

This, we believe, emphasizes the critical context in which quantum computing should be considered. 

A quantum processing unit (QPU), sometimes known as a quantum chip, is a physical (fabricated) device with a network of linked qubits. 

• It's the cornerstone of a complete quantum computer, which also comprises the QPU's housing environment, control circuits, and a slew of other components.

Programming for a QPU

Like other co-processors like the GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), QPU programming entails creating code that will mainly execute on a regular computer's CPU (Central Processing Unit). 

• The CPU only sends QPU coprocessor instructions to start tasks that are appropriate for its capabilities. 

• Fortunately (and excitingly), a few prototype QPUs are already accessible and may be accessed through the cloud as of this writing. 

• Furthermore, conventional computer gear may be used to mimic the behavior of a QPU for simpler tasks. 

Although emulating bigger QPU programs is impractical, it is a handy method to learn how to operate a real QPU for smaller code snippets. 

• Even when more complex QPUs become available, the fundamental QPU code examples will remain both useful and instructive. 

• There are a plethora of QPU simulators, libraries, and systems to choose from.

Quantum Processing Units (QPU) Make Quantum Computing Possible.

A quantum processing unit (QPU) is a physical or virtual processor with a large number of linked qubits that may be used to calculate quantum algorithms. 

• A quantum computer or quantum simulator would not be complete without it. 

• Quantum devices are still in their infancy, and not all of them are capable of running all Q#  programs. 

• As a result, while creating programs for various targets, you must keep certain constraints in mind. 

• Quantum mechanics, the study of atomic structure and function, is used to create a computer architecture. 

Quantum computing is a world apart from traditional computing ("classical computing"). 

• It can only answer a limited number of issues, all of which are based on mathematics and expressed as equations. 

• Quantum computer processing imitates nature at the atomic level, and one of its most promising applications is the investigation of molecule interactions in order to unravel nature's secrets. 

At Oxford University and IBM's Almaden Research Center in 1998, the first quantum computers were demonstrated. 

• There were around a hundred functional quantum computers across the globe by 2020. 

• Due to the exorbitant expense of creating and maintaining quantum computers, quantum computing will most likely be delivered as a cloud service rather than as hardware for enterprises to purchase. We'll have to wait and see. 

Quantum coprocessor and quantum cloud are two terms for the same thing. 

Because data rise at such a rapid rate, even the fastest supercomputers face a slew of issues. 

• Consider the classic traveling salesman dilemma, which entails determining the most cost-effective round journey between locations. 

• The first stage is to calculate all feasible routes, which yields a 63-digit number if the journey involves 50 cities. 

• Whereas traditional computers may take days or even months to tackle similar issues, quantum computers are projected to respond in seconds or minutes. 

• Quantum teleportation, binary values, rice, and the chessboard legend are all examples of quantum supremacy. 

Superposition and Entanglement of Qubits. 

Quantum computing relies on the "qubit," or quantum bit, which is made up of one or more electrons and may be designed in a variety of ways. 

• The situation that permits a qubit to be in several states at the same time is known as quantum superposition (see qubit). 

• Entanglement is a trait that enables one particle to communicate with another across a long distance. 

• The two major kinds of quantum computer designs are gate model and quantum annealing. 

 

Gate Model QC

 

"Quality Control Model" : 

Quantum computers based on the gate model have gates that are similar in principle to classical computers but have significantly different logic and design. 

• Google, IBM, Intel, and Rigetti are among the businesses working on gate model machines, each with its own qubit architecture. 

• Microwave pulses are used to train the qubits in the quantum device. 

• The QC chip does digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital conversion. 

IBM's Q Experience on the Cloud

• In 2016, IBM released a cloud-based 5-qubit gate model quantum computer to enable scientists to experiment with gate model programming. 

• The open source Qiskit development kit, as well as a second machine with 16 qubits, were added a year later. 

• A collection of instructional resources is available as part of the IBM Q Experience. 

• IBM Q Gate Model

Superconducting materials

• Superconducting materials, like those employed in the D-Wave computer, must be stored at subzero temperatures, and both photographs show the coverings removed to reveal the quantum chip at the bottom. 

• Intel's Tangle Lake gate model quantum processor, featuring a novel design of single-electron transistors linked together, was introduced in 2018. 

• At CES 2018, Intel CEO Brian Krzanich demonstrated the processor. 

D-Wave Systems

D-Wave Systems in Canada is the only company that provides a "quantum annealing" computer. 

• D-Wave computers are massive, chilled computers with up to 2,000 qubits that are utilized for optimization tasks including scheduling, financial analysis, and medical research. 

• To solve an issue, annealing is used to identify the best path or the most efficient combination of parameters. 

D-Wave Chips have 5,000 qubits in their newest quantum annealing processor. 

• A cooling mechanism is required, much as it is for gate type quantum computers. 

• It becomes colder all the way down to minus 459 degrees Fahrenheit using liquid nitrogen and liquid helium stages from top to bottom. 

Algorithms for Quantum Computing. 

Because new algorithms impact the construction of the next generation of quantum architecture, the algorithms for addressing real-world issues must be devised first. 

• Both the gate model and the annealing processes have challenges to overcome. 

• However, experts anticipate that quantum computing will become commonplace in the near future. 

State of Quantum Computing

Quantum computers are projected to eventually factor large numbers and break cryptographic secrets in a couple of seconds. 

• It is just a matter of time, according to scientists, until this becomes a reality. 

• When it occurs, it will have grave consequences since every encrypted transaction, as well as every current cryptocurrency system, will be exposed to hackers. 

• Quantum-safe approaches, on the other hand, are being developed. Quantum secure is one example of this. 

The United States, Canada, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Russia, China, South Korea, and Japan are the nations that are studying and investing in quantum computing as of 2020. 

The field of quantum computing is still in its infancy. 

When an eight-ton UNIVAC I in the 1950s developed into a chip decades later, it begs the question of what quantum computers would look like in 50 years.

~ Jai Krishna Ponnappan

You may also want to read more about Quantum Computing here.

How COSMOS-webb Is Mapping The Universe's Oldest Structures

When NASA's James Webb Space Telescope begins scientific operations in 2022, one of its first missions will be to record the universe's oldest structures. 

• COSMOS-Webb is the biggest mission Webb will undertake during its first year, with a broad and deep survey of half a million galaxies. 

• COSMOS-Near-Infrared Webb's Camera will scan a vast area of the sky—0.6 square degrees—with more than 200 hours of observation time (NIRCam). That's three full moons in size. 

• With the Mid-Infrared Instrument, it will map a smaller region at the same time (MIRI). 

"It's a huge swath of sky that's unique to the COSMOS-Webb mission. The majority of Webb projects go extremely deep, similar to pencil-beam surveys that examine small areas of sky "Caitlin Casey, an assistant professor at the University of Texas at Austin and the COSMOS-Webb program's co-leader, said. 

We can look at big-scale features at the beginning of galaxy formation since we're covering such a wide region. 

"We'll also search for some of the earliest galaxies, as well as trace the large-scale dark matter distribution of galaxies back to the beginning." 

• Dark matter is invisible because it does not absorb, reflect, or emit light. Because of the impact it has on things that we can see, we know dark matter exists.

• With multi-band, high-resolution near-infrared imaging and an unprecedented 32,000 galaxies in the mid infrared, COSMOS-Webb will investigate half a million galaxies. 

• This survey will be a major legacy dataset from Webb for scientists researching galaxies beyond the Milky Way, thanks to its fast public release of the data. 

COSMOS started as a Hubble mission in 2002 to photograph a considerably bigger region of sky, about the size of ten full moons. 

• The cooperation grew from there to encompass the majority of the world's main telescopes on Earth and in space. 

• COSMOS is now a multi-wavelength survey that spans the whole electromagnetic spectrum from X-ray to radio. 

• The COSMOS field is visible from observatories all around the globe because to its position in the sky. 

• Because it is located on the celestial equator, it may be examined from both the northern and southern hemispheres, yielding a wealth of information. 

"A lot of extragalactic scientists go to COSMOS to conduct their analyses because the data products are so widely available, and it covers such a large area of the sky," said Jeyhan Kartaltepe, assistant professor of physics and co-leader of the COSMOS-Webb program at Rochester Institute of Technology. 

We're utilizing Webb to expand our coverage in the near-to mid-infrared portion of the spectrum, and therefore stretching out our horizon, or how far away we can see. 

COSMOS-Webb will expand on past findings to achieve breakthroughs in three areas of research: changing our knowledge of the Reionization Era, searching for early, fully developed galaxies, and understanding how dark matter evolved with star content in galaxies. 

To revolutionize our knowledge of the post-reionization period. 

The cosmos was totally black soon after the big bang. 

• Stars and galaxies, which provide light to the universe, had not yet formed. 

• The cosmos was made out of a primordial soup of neutral hydrogen and helium atoms, as well as unseen dark matter. 

• This period is known as the cosmic dark ages. 

• The first stars and galaxies appeared after several hundred million years, providing energy to reionize the early cosmos. 

• This energy broke apart the hydrogen atoms that made up the cosmos, charging them and bringing the cosmic dark ages to an end. 

The Reionization Age is the name given to the new era in which the cosmos was filled with light. 

• The primary aim of COSMOS-Webb is to study the reionization period, which occurred between 400,000 and 1 billion years after the big bang. 

• Reionization most likely occurred in little bursts rather than all at once. 

• COSMOS-Webb will search for bubbles that indicate where the early universe's initial pockets of reionization occurred. 

The team wants to figure out how big these reionization bubbles are. 

• "Hubble did a fantastic job of locating a few of these galaxies out to early periods," Casey said, "but we need many more galaxies to understand the reionization process." Scientists have no idea what type of galaxies ushered in the Reionization Era, whether they were large or low-mass systems. 

• COSMOS-Webb will be able to locate extremely big, uncommon galaxies and study their distribution in large-scale structures, which will be a first. 

So, do the galaxies that cause reionization live in a cosmic metropolis, or are they generally equally dispersed across space? 

Only a large survey like COSMOS-Webb can assist scientists in answering this question. 

Finding early, fully developed galaxies. 

COSMOS-Webb will look for fully developed galaxies that stopped forming stars in the first 2 billion years after the big bang. 

• Hubble has discovered a few of these galaxies, which call into question current theories about how the universe came to be. 

• Scientists are baffled as to how these galaxies may contain ancient stars while not generating any new ones so early in the universe's existence. 

• Many of these unusual galaxies will be discovered by the team using a big survey like COSMOS-Webb. 

• They want to study these galaxies in depth in order to figure out how they might have developed so quickly and shut off star production so early. 

Discovering how dark matter developed in relation to star content in galaxies. 

COSMOS-Webb will provide scientists with information on how dark matter in galaxies has changed through time as the star composition of galaxies has changed. 

• Galaxies are made up of two kinds of stuff: visible matter that we see in stars and other objects, and unseen dark matter that is frequently more massive than the galaxy and may surround it in a halo. 

• In galaxy creation and evolution, these two types of matter are linked. 

• However, there is currently little understanding of how the dark matter mass in galaxies' halos originated and how that dark matter influences galaxies' formation. 

COSMOS-Webb will shed light on this process by enabling scientists to use "weak lensing" to directly detect these dark matter halos. 

• Gravity from any kind of mass, whether dark or bright, may act as a lens, bending the light we see from faraway galaxies. 

• Weak lensing alters the apparent form of background galaxies, allowing scientists to directly estimate the mass of the halo's dark matter when it's in front of other galaxies. 

• "For the first time, we'll be able to measure the relationship between dark matter mass and luminous mass of galaxies back to the first 2 billion years of cosmic time," said team member Anton Koekemoer, a research astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore who helped design the program's observing strategy and is in charge of constructing all of the images from the project. 

• "That's an important era for us to understand how galaxies' mass was initially set in place, and how dark matter halos drive it. And that, in turn, may help us comprehend galaxy formation in a more indirect way." 

Data sharing with the community in a timely manner COSMOS-Webb is a Treasury initiative, and its goal is to generate datasets of long-term scientific relevance. 

Treasury Programs aim to address a variety of scientific questions with a single, consistent dataset. 

Data obtained via a Treasury Program typically does not have an exclusive access period, allowing other researchers to analyze it right away. 

• "As a Treasury Program, you agree to release your data and data products to the community as soon as possible," Kartaltepe said. 

• "We're going to create this community resource and make it publicly accessible so that other scientists may utilize it in their research." 

• "A Treasury Program commits to making all of these scientific products publicly accessible so that anybody in the community, even at very tiny universities, may have the same, equal access to the data products and then simply conduct the work," Koekemoer said. 

COSMOS-Webb is a General Observers program in Cycle 1. 

• The General Observers programs were chosen via a competitive process utilizing a dual-anonymous review mechanism, similar to the one used to distribute Hubble time. 

• When it launches in 2021, the James Webb Space Telescope will be the world's top space scientific observatory. 

• Webb will explore beyond our solar system to distant planets orbiting other stars, as well as the enigmatic architecture and origins of our universe and our role in it. 

• Webb is a NASA-led multinational project involving ESA (European Space Agency) and the Canadian Space Agency as partners.

courtesy www.nasa.com

~ Jai Krishna Ponnappan

You may also want to read more about space based systems here.

Quantum Computers A Step Closer To Reality

Engineers make a significant advancement in the design of quantum computers. 

A significant roadblock to quantum computers becoming a reality has been overcome thanks to quantum engineers from UNSW Sydney. 

• They developed a novel method that they claim would allow them to manage millions of spin qubits—the fundamental units of information in a silicon quantum processor. 

• Until far, quantum computer engineers and scientists have only been able to demonstrate the control of a few qubits in a proof-of-concept model of quantum processors. 

• However, the team has discovered what they call "the missing jigsaw piece" in the quantum computer design, which should allow them to manage the millions of qubits required for very complicated computations, according to their new study, which was published today in Science Advances. 

• Dr. Jarryd Pla, a professor at UNSW's School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, says his research group wanted to solve a problem that had plagued quantum computer scientists for decades: how to control millions of qubits without taking up valuable space with additional wiring, which consumes more electricity and generates more heat. 

"Controlling electron spin qubits depended on our providing microwave magnetic fields by sending a current through a wire directly near the qubit up to this point," Dr. Pla explains. 

• "If we want to scale up to the millions of qubits that a quantum computer would require to tackle globally important issues like the creation of new vaccines, this presents some serious difficulties." 

• To begin with, magnetic fields diminish rapidly with distance, so we can only control the qubits that are nearest to the wire. 

• As we brought in more and more qubits, we'd need to add more and more wires, which would take up a lot of space on the chip." 

• And, since the device must function at temperatures below -270°C, Dr. Pla claims that adding additional wires will create much too much heat in the chip, jeopardizing the qubits' stability. 

• "With this wiring method, we're only able to manage a few qubits," Dr. Pla explains. 

A thorough rethinking of the silicon chip structure was required to solve this issue. 

• Rather of putting thousands of control lines on a tiny silicon device with millions of qubits, the researchers investigated the possibility of using a magnetic field generated from above the chip to operate all of the qubits at the same time. 

• The concept of controlling all qubits at the same time was originally proposed by quantum computing experts in the 1990s, but until today, no one had figured out how to accomplish it in a practical manner. 

• "After removing the cable adjacent to the qubits, we devised a new method for delivering microwave-frequency magnetic control fields throughout the device. In theory, we could send control fields to as many as four million qubits "Dr. Pla agrees. 

A crystal prism termed a dielectric resonator was inserted immediately above the silicon chip by Dr. Pla and his colleagues. 

• When microwaves are directed into a resonator, the wavelength of the microwaves is reduced dramatically. 

• "Because the dielectric resonator reduces the wavelength to less than one millimeter, we now have a highly effective conversion of microwave power into the magnetic field that controls all of the qubits' spins." 

• The first is that we don't need a lot of power to create a strong driving field for the qubits, which means we don't produce a lot of heat. 

• The second is that the field is very consistent throughout the device, ensuring that millions of qubits have the same degree of control." Despite the fact that Dr. 

Pla and his team had created a prototype resonator technology, they lacked the silicon qubits with which to test it. 

• So he spoke to his UNSW engineering colleague, Scientia Professor Andrew Dzurak, whose team had proven the earliest and most precise quantum logic utilizing the same silicon fabrication process as traditional computer chips during the previous decade. 

• "When Jarryd presented me with his new concept, I was absolutely blown away," Prof. Dzurak recalls, "and we immediately went to work to see how we might combine it with the qubit devices that my team has created." Ensar Vahapoglu from my team and James Slack-Smith from Jarryd's were assigned to the project as two of our top Ph.D. students. 

"When the experiment turned out to be a success, we were ecstatic. This issue of controlling millions of qubits had been bothering me for a long time, since it was a significant stumbling block in the development of a full-scale quantum computer." 

• Quantum computers with thousands of qubits to address business issues, which were once just a pipe dream in the 1980s, may now be less than a decade away. 

• In addition, due of their capacity to simulate very complex systems, they are anticipated to offer fresh firepower to addressing global problems and creating new technologies. 

Quantum computing technology has the potential to help climate change, medicine and vaccine development, code decryption, and artificial intelligence. 

• The team's next goal is to utilize this new technique to make designing near-term silicon quantum computers easier. 

• "The on-chip control wire is removed, making room for more qubits and the rest of the components needed to create a quantum processor. 

• It simplifies the job of moving on to the next stage of manufacturing devices with tens of qubits "Prof. Dzurak agrees. 

• "While there are still technical hurdles to overcome before computers with a million qubits can be built," Dr. Pla adds, "we are thrilled that we now have a method to manage them."

~ Jai Krishna Ponnappan

You may also want to read more about Quantum Computing here.

How Many Samples Will NASA' s Perseverance Rover Collect On Mars?

On August 6, NASA's Perseverance rover tried to drill into the Martian surface for the first time after six months of traveling on Mars. 

Everything seemed to proceed according to plan, but when the rover's operators examined the sample tube after it had been sealed and stowed within the rover, they discovered it to be empty. 

• Jennifer Trosper, the Perseverance project manager at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said, "It went pretty well, other than the rock reacted in a manner that didn't enable us to collect any material in the tube." 

• The mission's operators believe that when the rover bore into the rock to collect a sample, it disintegrated into a fine powder and spilled out of the tube, based on the data. 

Trosper adds, "We need a more cooperative kind of rock." 

• “This one was crumbly — it may have had a firm surface on the outside, but as we went inside, all the grains simply fell apart.” 

• This didn't happen during Earth-based testing of the sample equipment, and it hasn't happened with any of the previous Mars rovers. 

• While the sampling tube cannot be unsealed and reused, researchers had requested a sample of Martian air, which is included in the sealed tube. 

• Trosper explains, "We weren't aiming to capture the air sample, but it's not a waste of a tube." 

There are 43 sample tubes on Perseverance, so there are still lots of chances to gather Martian rocks. 

• When it comes to future sample efforts with Perseverance, Trosper believes this failed endeavor isn't a reason for worry. 

• The crew intends to utilize the scientific equipment aboard the rover to check that a sample was obtained before sealing the tube and stashing it within the rover for the next attempt, which is scheduled for early September.

During its two-year journey, the rover will gather approximately 40 samples. 

• Perseverance will eventually store these samples on Mars' surface, where they will be picked up and returned to Earth by a later NASA mission. 

• Returning the samples to Earth will enable scientists to examine them in much more depth than we can on Mars, particularly when looking for indications of previous life.

The Mars 2020 Perseverance mission is part of NASA's Moon to Mars exploration strategy, which includes Artemis lunar missions to assist prepare for human exploration of Mars. 

The Perseverance rover was constructed and is operated by JPL, which is administered for NASA by Caltech in Pasadena, California. 

For additional information about Perseverance, go to: 

mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/ 

nasa.gov/perseverance

Courtesy: NASA.gov

~ Jai Krishna Ponnappan

You may also want to read more about Space Missions and Systems here.

ISRO EARTH OBSERVATION SATELLITE GISAT-1 LAUNCH - CRYOGENIC STAGE ANOMALY - WATCH LIVE STREAMING

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ISRO GISAT-1 - WATCH LIVE STREAMING - LAUNCH UPDATES
The GISAT-1 will be the country's first geostationary orbiting sky eye or earth observation satellite.
After the GISAT-1 launch, the EOS-4 or Risat-1A.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MISSION
GEOSYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER TARGETED ORBIT
Earth Observation Satellite - GISAT-1 Mission

ISRO GISAT-1 - WATCH LIVE STREAMING - LAUNCH UPDATES

UPDATE (6 am IST, Aug. 12th 2021) - Anomaly observed during the cryogenic engine phase of the GSLV F-10 launch vehicle. Mission could not be completed successfully as planned.

According to authorities, the Indian space agency is conducting pre-rocket launch operations at its rocket port in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, in preparation for the launch of its earth observation satellite EOS-03 or Geo Imaging Satellite-1 (GISAT-1) early on Thursday. 

• While ISRO authorities remain tight-lipped on the launch,  it has been learned that the rocket—the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-F10 (GSLV-F10)—is on its way to the second launch pad, laden with GISAT-1, and is set to blast off at 5.43 a.m. 

The GISAT-1 will be the country's first geostationary orbiting sky eye or earth observation satellite. 

• Just over 18 minutes into its journey, the 51.70-meter-tall, 416-ton GSLV-F10 will put GISAT-1 in the geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO), from where the satellite will be lifted to its ultimate location using its onboard engines. 

• In contrast to other remote sensing satellites in a lower orbit that can only come over a location at regular intervals, once put in geostationary orbit, the satellite will keep a constant eye on the areas of interest, moving in rhythm with the rotation of the globe and so seeming stationary. 

The GISAT-1 was originally scheduled to launch on March 5, 2020, however the ISRO announced the mission's delay only hours before launch due to a technical issue. 

• The COVID-19 epidemic and subsequent lockdown caused the mission to be postponed. 

• It was necessary to disassemble and clean up the rocket. 

• Following that, the GISAT-1 launch was scheduled for March 2021, however it was again postponed due to issues with the satellite's battery. 

• The satellite and rocket were getting prepared for their flight at Sriharikota after the battery was replaced when the second wave of COVID-19 swept in, infecting several at the rocket launch center. 

The 2,268 kilogram GISAT-1, according to the Indian space agency, would give a real-time picture of a wide area of the region of interest at regular intervals. 

• It will also allow for immediate monitoring of natural catastrophes, episodic occurrences, and any other short-term phenomena. 

• The satellite's payload imaging sensors will include a 42-meter resolution six-band multi-spectral visible and near-infrared sensor, 318-meter resolution 158-band hyper-spectral visible and near-infrared sensor, and 191-meter resolution 256-band hyper-spectral short wave infrared sensor. 

• For the first time, a four-metre diameter Ogive shaped payload fairing (heat shield) constructed of composite would be utilized in the rocket, according to ISRO. 

After the GISAT-1 launch, the EOS-4 or Risat-1A.

RISAT 1A  is a radar imaging satellite with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) that can capture images day and night seeing through clouds, would be launched, according to ISRO. 

• The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) will launch the Risat-1A satellite, which weighs over 1,800 kg, in September, according to ISRO. 

• The Risat-1A is a follow-on microwave remote sensing satellite to Risat-1, and is designed to guarantee SAR in C-Band continuity while also delivering microwave data to the user community for operational purposes. 

• With a mission life of five years and the capacity to operate day, night, and in all weather situations, the satellite will play a critical role in the nation's defense. 

Among other things, the satellite features high-capacity data handling systems and storage devices. 

• The satellite, according to the ISRO, will offer image data for a variety of applications linked to land, water, and the environment, including agriculture, forestry, and water resource management. 

• An ISRO official previously said that an earth observation satellite would transmit images that will be utilized by various agencies based on their requirements. 

• In 2012, a PSLV rocket launched the 1,858 kg Risat-1 satellite. It lasted five years on the mission.

DESCRIPTION OF THE MISSION

From the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota, India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-F10 (GSLV-F10) will launch the Geo Imaging Satellite-1 (GISAT-1) satellite. From the Second Launch Pad, the launch will take place.

• For the first time in GSLV history, a 4 meter diameter Ogive shaped payload fairing (OPLF) is flown to accommodate a larger spacecraft.

• GISAT-1 is the first state-of-the-art agile Earth observation satellite that GSLV-F10 will put into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit. The satellite will next use its onboard propulsion engine to reach geostationary orbit.

GEOSYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER TARGETED ORBIT

170 km perigee

36,297 km Apogee

19.4 degrees of inclination

Earth Observation Satellite - GISAT-1 Mission

GISAT-1 is the world's first state-of-the-art agile Earth observation satellite to be launched from Geostationary Orbit.

Mission Objectives 

 

 

• To offer regular imaging of a wide area region of interest in near real time.

• To keep track of natural catastrophes, episodic events, and any other short-term occurrences.

• Obtaining spectral fingerprints for agriculture, forestry, mineralogy, disaster warning, cloud characteristics, snow and glaciers, and oceanography.

The satellite is built on a modified I-2k bus that can carry multispectral and hyperspectral payloads in several bands with better spatial and temporal resolution.

You may also want to read more about space based systems here.